NEW TIRES, NAVIGATION, ALL WHEEL DRIVE, 3RD ROW, Serviced here, BMW Certified, Clean, CARFAX 1-Owner. 3rd Row Seat, Heated Leather Seats, Sunroof, NAV, All Wheel Drive, Turbo, Quad Seats, Alloy Wheels, CLIMATE COMFORT PACKAGE, PREMIUM PACKAGE, PARKING ASSISTANCE PACKAGE, 2ND ROW CAPTAINS CHAIRS
WHY BUY FROM US
Experience the Hendrick Difference only at East Bay BMW in Pleasanton. Our 4.5 Google Rating is a testament to our dedication and hard work. Plus East Bay BMW was named a 2020 CarGurus Top Dealer. We have been serving the community since 1986 and boasts an expansive inventory of New, Certified and Used Vehicles. We pride ourselves on doing the right thing for our clients and team members. We truly care about our community and look forward to serving you.
BUY WITH CONFIDENCE
Additional plans are available to extend coverage, if desired, Every vehicle is thoroughly inspected and reconditioned by BMW-Certified technicians, 1-Year/Unlimited Miles plus balance of original new vehicle limited warranty (4-Year/50,000-miles), Roadside Assistance includes jump starts, tire changes, lock out service, and fuel/fluid delivery, 24/7 Roadside Assistance (even if someone else is driving your vehicle)
OPTION PACKAGES
BLACK, EXTENDED MERINO LEATHER UPHOLSTERY, PREMIUM PACKAGE Gesture Control, Rear Electric Side Window Shades, Soft-Close Automatic Doors, harman/kardon® Surround Sound System, CLIMATE COMFORT PACKAGE Front Ventilated Seats, 5-Zone Automatic Climate Control, Front & Rear Heated Seats, WHEELS: 22 X 9.5 FR & 22 X 10.5 RR MULTI-SPOKE (Style 757), Bi-color ferric grey, Increased Top Speed Limiter, Tires: 275/40R22 Fr & 315/35R22 Rr Perf Run-Flat, PARKING ASSISTANCE PACKAGE Parking Assistant Professional, Surround View w/3D View, Drive Recorder
This Dealership checks the vehicle recall status prior to making any pre-owned vehicle available for sale. Manufacturers and/or NHTSA may announce additional recalls at any time. To inquire about the recall status of this vehicle, visit: https://vinrcl.safercar.gov/vin/
Certified Pre-Owned 2024 BMWX7 xDrive40i
- Hybrid
- Exterior Color
- Sparkling Copper Metallic
- Interior Color
- Black
- Odometer
- 40,683 miles
- Body/Seating
- SUV/6 seats
- Transmission
- Automatic
- Drivetrain
- AWD
- VIN
- 5UX23EM00R9S14288
- Stock Number
- P6528
Highlighted Features
- Navigation system
- Automatic temperature control
- Emergency communication system
- Wireless phone connectivity
- Parking sensors
- Exterior parking camera front
- Exterior parking camera left
- Exterior parking camera right
- Exterior parking camera rear
- Front dual zone A/C
- Heads up display
- Auto high-beam headlights
Included Packages & Accessories
Detailed Specifications
- 1-touch down
- 1-touch up
- Air conditioning
- Auto tilt-away steering wheel
- Auto-dimming rearview mirror
- Automatic temperature control
- Driver door bin
- Driver vanity mirror
- Emergency communication system: BMW Assist eCall
- Front beverage holders
- Front dual zone A/C
- Garage door transmitter
- Head restraints memory
- Heated steering wheel
- Illuminated entry
- Memory seat
- Moonroof sunshade: power
- Navigation system: BMW Maps Navigation
- Passenger door bin
- Passenger vanity mirror
- Power windows
- Proximity key: doors and push button start
- Rear air conditioning
- Rear beverage holders
- Rear door bins
- Rear dual zone A/C
- Remote engine start
- Remote keyless entry
- Speed control
- Steering wheel memory
- Surround View Monitor: Surround View w/3D View yes
- Telescoping steering wheel
- Tilt steering wheel
- Trunk/hatch auto-latch
- Adaptive suspension
- Alloy wheels
- Auto-leveling suspension
- Four wheel independent suspension
- Front anti-roll bar
- Front tires: 275/40YR22.0
- Power steering
- Rear anti-roll bar
- Rear tires: 315/35YR22.0
- Speed-sensing steering
- Wheel size: 22"
- 1st row LCD monitors: 2
- AM/FM radio: SiriusXM with 360L
- Diversity antenna
- Internal memory capacity (GB): 20 GB
- Primary LCD size: 14.9"
- Radio data system
- Satellite radio trial duration with new vehicle purchase (months): 12
- Smart device integration: Apple CarPlay Compatibility
- Speaker type: harman/kardon
- Speakers: 16
- Steering wheel mounted audio controls
- Wireless Phone Charger: Qi front
- Wireless phone connectivity: Bluetooth
- 3rd row seats: split-bench
- Front center armrest
- Front seats: bucket
- Genuine wood console insert
- Genuine wood dashboard insert
- Genuine wood door panel insert
- Heated front seats
- Heated rear seats
- Leather steering wheel
- Max seating capacity: 6
- Power 4-way driver lumbar support
- Power 4-way passenger lumbar support
- Power driver seat
- Power passenger seat
- Rear seat center armrest
- Rear seats: captain
- Rear seats Folding position: fold forward seatback
- Reclining 3rd row seat
- Split folding rear seat
- Sport steering wheel
- Ventilated front seats
- Alternator hybrid electric motor
- Compressor: intercooled turbo
- Cylinder configuration: I-6
- Drive type: xDrive all-wheel
- Electric motor horsepower: 11hp @ RPM
- Engine liters: 3.0L
- Engine location: front
- Fuel economy city: 21mpg
- Fuel economy combined: 22mpg
- Fuel economy highway: 25mpg
- Fuel tank capacity: 21.9gal.
- Horsepower: 375hp @ 5,200RPM
- Hybrid electric powertrain type: MHEV (mild hybrid electric vehicle)
- Hybrid traction battery type: lithium ion (Li-ion)
- Hybrid traction battery voltage: 48
- Manual-shift auto: STEPTRONIC
- Mode select transmission
- Number of valves: 24
- Powertrain number of motors: 1
- Recommended fuel: Premium Unleaded
- Standard fuel economy fuel type: gasoline
- Torque: 398 lb.-ft. @ 1,850RPM
- Transmission: 8 speed automatic
- Variable intake manifold
- Variable valve control
- Approach angle: 23 deg
- Departure angle: 21 deg
- Ground clearance (max): 221mm (8.7")
- Ramp breakover angle: 17 deg
- Auto-dimming door mirrors
- Bumpers: body-color
- Door mirrors: body-color
- Heated door mirrors
- Power door mirrors
- Rear cargo: power liftgate/tailgate
- Soft close
- Spoiler
- Turn signal indicator mirrors
- 3rd row headroom: 930mm (36.6")
- 3rd row legroom: 846mm (33.3")
- 3rd row shoulder room: 1,217mm (47.9")
- Compression ratio: 11.00 to 1
- Curb weight: 2,457kg (5,417lbs)
- Engine bore x stroke: 82.0mm x 94.6mm (3.23" x 3.72")
- Engine displacement: 3.0 L
- Engine torque: 398 lb.-ft. @ 1,850RPM
- Exterior body width: 1,999mm (78.7")
- Exterior height: 1,834mm (72.2")
- Exterior length: 5,171mm (203.6")
- Front headroom: 1,064mm (41.9")
- Front legroom: 1,011mm (39.8")
- Front shoulder room: 1,524mm (60.0")
- GVWR: 3,170kg (6,989lbs)
- Interior maximum rear cargo volume: 2,560 L (90 cu.ft.)
- Interior rear cargo volume: 362 L (13 cu.ft.)
- Payload: 572kg (1,261lbs)
- Rear headroom: 1,013mm (39.9")
- Rear legroom: 955mm (37.6")
- Rear shoulder room: 1,476mm (58.1")
- Turning radius: 6.5m (21.4')
- Wheelbase: 3,104mm (122.2")
- 2nd row sun blinds
- Appearance: digital
- Auto high-beam headlights
- Blind spot: Blind Spot Detection warning
- Compass
- Configurable
- Delay-off headlights
- Exterior parking camera front
- Exterior parking camera left
- Exterior parking camera rear
- Exterior parking camera right
- Front reading lights
- Fully automatic headlights
- Heads up display
- Low tire pressure warning
- Outside temperature display
- Parking sensors: Parking Assistant Professional front and rear
- Rain sensing wipers
- Rear reading lights
- Rear window defroster
- Rear window wiper
- Speed sensitive wipers
- Tachometer
- Traffic sign information
- Trip computer
- Variably intermittent wipers
- 4 wheel disc brakes
- ABS brakes
- Adjustable head restraints: rear w/tilt
- Brake assist
- Brakes regenerative
- Dual front impact airbags
- Dual front side impact airbags
- Electronic stability
- Forward collision: Frontal Collision Warning w/City Collision Mitigation mitigation
- Front pedestrian detection: prevention
- Ignition disable
- Knee airbag
- Occupant sensing airbag
- Overhead airbag
- Panic alarm
- Perimeter/approach lights
- Power adjustable front head restraints
- Rear collision: Cross-Traffic Alert Rear warning
- Security system
- Tracker system: ConnectedDrive Remote Services
- Traction control
Dealer Notes
Hendrick Vehicle Disclaimer
$85.00 Dealer Document Processing Charge included in advertised price.
All prices exclude all taxes, tag, title, registration fees, government fees, smog certificate of compliance or noncompliance, emission testing charge and electronic filing fee. Out of state buyers are responsible for all taxes and government fees and title/registration fees in the state where the vehicle will be registered. All prices include all manufacturer to dealer incentives, which the dealer retains unless otherwise specifically provided. Dealer not responsible for errors and omissions; all offers subject to change without notice; please confirm listings with dealer.
All vehicles may not be physically located at this dealership but may be available for delivery through this location. Transportation charges may apply. Please contact the dealership for more specific information. All vehicles are subject to prior sale.
Monthly Disclaimers
BMW Oil Change Plan 3-Years Prepaid Oil Services for $249 Open to BMWs that have reached 60 months or 60,000 miles
The BMW Ultimate Care Oil Services plan includes unlimited oil and oil filter changes for three years for $249.00 plus taxes and disposal fees where applicable. The need for included services are prompted by the vehicle’s Condition Based Service (CBS) system. For non-CBS vehicles, annual low-mileage oil changes are included as outlined in your BMW Maintenance Booklet. Available for all BMW vehicles that have reached 60 months or 60,000 miles but have not yet exceeded 240 months / 20 years and have no current Ultimate Care+ coverage. Plan is also available for purchase for vehicles that have reached at least 54 months and are currently covered by the BMW Ultimate Care Scheduled or BMW Ultimate Care+2 coverage. All work must be performed by an authorized BMW Center. Please see your authorized BMW Center for additional details pertaining to all programs. All work is carried out by BMW Trained Technicians using Original BMW Parts, which come with a two-year unlimited mileage limited warranty. Warranty repairs do not constitute an extension of the original limited warranty period for the vehicle or a part thereof. Each program and its pricing are subject to change.
As Low As 0.90% APR on Select New Models
Through June 01, 2026, 0.90% APR financing for up to 60 months on new 2026 BMW X7 xDrive40i model is available from participating BMW dealers to well qualified customers who meet BMW Financial Services NA, LLC credit requirements. For example, with $0.00 down payment and 0.90% APR, a retail installment contract on a 2026 BMW X7 xDrive40i with MSRP of $93,200.00 may be repaid in 24 monthly installments of $3,919.84 or may be repaid in 60 monthly installments of $1,589.13. MSRP excludes tax, title, and license. Not all customers will qualify for down payment waiver or lowest rate. Other rates and payment terms available. Applicable Credits and National Credit of $1,000 are credits against the MSRP of the vehicle purchased and available to customers who finance through BMW Financial Services NA, LLC. All credits valid through June 01, 2026. All offers are subject to dealer participation. Offers valid through June 01, 2026. Visit your authorized BMW Center for important details.
2026 330i Sedan Lease at $479/month for 39 months Includes $1,000 Lease Credit $4,959 Due at Signing
Lease payment is calculated based on Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price for vehicle as shown and does not necessarily represent the dealer’s actual sale price. Dealer sets actual price. Lease offer available on new 2026 BMW 330i Sedan models from participating BMW Centers through BMW Financial Services NA, LLC, to customers who meet BMW Financial Services' credit requirements. Offer not valid in Puerto Rico. Monthly lease payments of $479 per month for 39 months is based on an adjusted capitalized cost of $46,685 (MSRP of $53,900, including destination and handling fee of $1,350, less $3,555 capitalized cost reduction, $0 security deposit, suggested dealer contribution of $2,660 and Lease Credit of $1,000). Actual MSRP and dealer contribution may vary and could affect your monthly lease payment. Cash due at signing includes $3,555 capitalized cost reduction, $479 first month's payment, $925 acquisition fee and $0 security deposit. Lessee responsible for insurance during the lease term, excess wear and tear as defined in the lease contract, $0.25/mile over 32,500 miles, plus disposition fee of up to $495 (not to exceed an amount permissible by law) at lease end. Not all customers will qualify for security deposit waiver. Tax, title, license, registration and dealer fees are additional fees due at signing. Advertised monthly payment does not include applicable taxes. Purchase option price at lease end is $30,723, plus the purchase option fee disclosed in the lease contract. Additional tax, title, and government fees may also apply. Offer valid through June 01, 2026 and may be combined with other offers unless otherwise stated. Models pictured may be shown with metallic paint and/or additional accessories. Visit your authorized BMW Center for important details.
2026 X1 xDrive28i Lease at $499/month for 39 months Includes $1,000 Lease Credit $4,329 due at signing
Lease payment is calculated based on Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price for vehicle as shown and does not necessarily represent the dealer’s actual sale price. Dealer sets actual price. Lease offer available on new 2026 BMW X1 xDrive28i models from participating BMW Centers through BMW Financial Services NA, LLC, to customers who meet BMW Financial Services' credit requirements. Offer not valid in Puerto Rico. Monthly lease payments of $499 per month for 39 months is based on an adjusted capitalized cost of $41,405 (MSRP of $47,200, including destination and handling fee of $1,350, less $2,905 capitalized cost reduction, $0 security deposit, suggested dealer contribution of $1,890 and Lease Credit of $1,000). Actual MSRP and dealer contribution may vary and could affect your monthly lease payment. Cash due at signing includes $2,905 capitalized cost reduction, $499 first month's payment, $925 acquisition fee and $0 security deposit. Lessee responsible for insurance during the lease term, excess wear and tear as defined in the lease contract, $0.25/mile over 32,500 miles, plus disposition fee of up to $495 (not to exceed an amount permissible by law) at lease end. Not all customers will qualify for security deposit waiver. Tax, title, license, registration and dealer fees are additional fees due at signing. Advertised monthly payment does not include applicable taxes. Purchase option price at lease end is $26,432, plus the purchase option fee disclosed in the lease contract. Additional tax, title, and government fees may also apply. Offer valid through June 01, 2026 and may be combined with other offers unless otherwise stated. Models pictured may be shown with metallic paint and/or additional accessories. Visit your authorized BMW Center for important details.
2026 X3 30 xDrive Lease at $599/month for 39 months $5,229 due at signing
Lease payment is calculated based on Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price for vehicle as shown and does not necessarily represent the dealer’s actual sale price. Dealer sets actual price. Lease offer available on new 2026 BMW X3 30 xDrive models from participating BMW Centers through BMW Financial Services NA, LLC, to customers who meet BMW Financial Services' credit requirements. Offer not valid in Puerto Rico. Monthly lease payments of $599 per month for 39 months is based on an adjusted capitalized cost of $49,685 (MSRP of $55,650, including destination and handling fee of $1,350, less $3,705 capitalized cost reduction, $0 security deposit, and suggested dealer contribution of $2,260). Actual MSRP and dealer contribution may vary and could affect your monthly lease payment. Cash due at signing includes $3,705 capitalized cost reduction, $599 first month's payment, $925 acquisition fee and $0 security deposit. Lessee responsible for insurance during the lease term, excess wear and tear as defined in the lease contract, $0.25/mile over 32,500 miles, plus disposition fee of up to $495 (not to exceed an amount permissible by law) at lease end. Not all customers will qualify for security deposit waiver. Tax, title, license, registration and dealer fees are additional fees due at signing. Advertised monthly payment does not include applicable taxes. Purchase option price at lease end is $31,721, plus the purchase option fee disclosed in the lease contract. Additional tax, title, and government fees may also apply. Offer valid through June 01, 2026 and may be combined with other offers unless otherwise stated. Models pictured may be shown with metallic paint and/or additional accessories. Visit your authorized BMW Center for important details.
2026 X5 sDrive40i Lease at $839/month for 39 months Includes $2,000 in Lease Credits $6,819 due at signing
Lease payment is calculated based on Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price for vehicle as shown and does not necessarily represent the dealer’s actual sale price. Dealer sets actual price. Lease offer available on new 2026 BMW X5 sDrive40i models from participating BMW Centers through BMW Financial Services NA, LLC, to customers who meet BMW Financial Services' credit requirements. Offer not valid in Puerto Rico. Monthly lease payments of $839 per month for 39 months is based on an adjusted capitalized cost of $63,995 (MSRP of $73,950, including destination and handling fee of $1,450, less $5,055 capitalized cost reduction, $0 security deposit, suggested dealer contribution of $2,900, Lease Credit of $1,000, and Select Lease Credit of $1,000). Actual MSRP and dealer contribution may vary and could affect your monthly lease payment. Cash due at signing includes $5,055 capitalized cost reduction, $839 first month's payment, $925 acquisition fee and $0 security deposit. Lessee responsible for insurance during the lease term, excess wear and tear as defined in the lease contract, $0.25/mile over 32,500 miles, plus disposition fee of up to $495 (not to exceed an amount permissible by law) at lease end. Not all customers will qualify for security deposit waiver. Tax, title, license, registration and dealer fees are additional fees due at signing. Advertised monthly payment does not include applicable taxes. Purchase option price at lease end is $38,454, plus the purchase option fee disclosed in the lease contract. Additional tax, title, and government fees may also apply. Value of Select Lease Credit may vary depending on location. $1,000 Select Lease Credit only available to residents in California, Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York. Offer valid through June 01, 2026 and may be combined with other offers unless otherwise stated. Models pictured may be shown with metallic paint and/or additional accessories. Visit your authorized BMW Center for important details.
As Low As 1.99% APR and No Payments for 90 Days on Select BMW Certified Models
From 1.99% APR up to 72 months at $14.75 per month per $1,000 financed applies to all 2022–2024 BMW Certified Pre-Owned iX models. No down payment is required. Offer valid through 06/01/2026. Offer available from participating BMW Dealers to eligible, qualified customers with excellent credit history who meet BMW Financial Services NA, LLC credit requirements. Not all customers will qualify for the lowest rate. Other rates and terms available. All offers subject to vehicle availability. Delayed first payment is not available in PA or ME. Interest will accrue during 90-day period to first payment and will be due prior to maturity of the contract. This offer is available on all model-year 2021-2024 CPO BMW models with 36-to-72-month retail contracts financed through BMW Financial Services NA, LLC, excluding Select contracts. To be eligible, qualified customers must have excellent credit history and meet BMW Financial Services’ credit requirements. Not all customers will qualify. Other rates and terms available. All offers subject to vehicle availability. Offer valid through 06/01/2026.
2026 i4 eDrive40 Lease at $499/month for 36 months Includes $3,750 Lease Credit $4,779 due at signing
Lease payment is calculated based on Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price for vehicle as shown and does not necessarily represent the dealer’s actual sale price. Dealer sets actual price. Lease offer available on new 2026 BMW i4 eDrive40 models from participating BMW Centers through BMW Financial Services NA, LLC, to customers who meet BMW Financial Services' credit requirements. Offer not valid in Puerto Rico. Monthly lease payments of $499 per month for 36 months is based on an adjusted capitalized cost of $50,295 (MSRP of $60,700, including destination and handling fee of $1,350, less $3,355 capitalized cost reduction, $0 security deposit, suggested dealer contribution of $3,300 and Lease Credit of $3,750). Actual MSRP and dealer contribution may vary and could affect your monthly lease payment. Cash due at signing includes $3,355 capitalized cost reduction, $499 first month's payment, $925 acquisition fee and $0 security deposit. Lessee responsible for insurance during the lease term, excess wear and tear as defined in the lease contract, $0.25/mile over 30,000 miles, plus disposition fee of up to $495 (not to exceed an amount permissible by law) at lease end. Not all customers will qualify for security deposit waiver. Tax, title, license, registration and dealer fees are additional fees due at signing. Advertised monthly payment does not include applicable taxes. Purchase option price at lease end is $33,385, plus the purchase option fee disclosed in the lease contract. Additional tax, title, and government fees may also apply. Offer valid through June 01, 2026 and may be combined with other offers unless otherwise stated. Models pictured may be shown with metallic paint and/or additional accessories. Visit your authorized BMW Center for important details.
2026 i5 eDrive40 Lease $649/month for 36 months Includes $3,750 Lease Credit $5,999 due at signing
Lease payment is calculated based on Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price for vehicle as shown and does not necessarily represent the dealer’s actual sale price. Dealer sets actual price. Lease offer available on new 2026 BMW i5 eDrive40 models from participating BMW Centers through BMW Financial Services NA, LLC, to customers who meet BMW Financial Services' credit requirements. Offer not valid in Puerto Rico. Monthly lease payments of $649 per month for 36 months is based on an adjusted capitalized cost of $58,515 (MSRP of $70,200, including destination and handling fee of $1,450, less $4,425 capitalized cost reduction, $0 security deposit, suggested dealer contribution of $3,510 and Lease Credit of $3,750). Actual MSRP and dealer contribution may vary and could affect your monthly lease payment. Cash due at signing includes $4,425 capitalized cost reduction, $649 first month's payment, $925 acquisition fee and $0 security deposit. Lessee responsible for insurance during the lease term, excess wear and tear as defined in the lease contract, $0.25/mile over 30,000 miles, plus disposition fee of up to $495 (not to exceed an amount permissible by law) at lease end. Not all customers will qualify for security deposit waiver. Tax, title, license, registration and dealer fees are additional fees due at signing. Advertised monthly payment does not include applicable taxes. Purchase option price at lease end is $37,206, plus the purchase option fee disclosed in the lease contract. Additional tax, title, and government fees may also apply. Offer valid through June 01, 2026 and may be combined with other offers unless otherwise stated. Models pictured may be shown with metallic paint and/or additional accessories. Visit your authorized BMW Center for important details.
2026 840i Gran Coupe Lease $1,099/month for 39 months Includes $3,000 Lease Credit $8,749 Due at Signing
Lease payment is calculated based on Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price for vehicle as shown and does not necessarily represent the dealer’s actual sale price. Dealer sets actual price. Lease offer available on new 2026 BMW 840i Gran Coupe models from participating BMW Centers through BMW Financial Services NA, LLC, to customers who meet BMW Financial Services' credit requirements. Offer not valid in Puerto Rico. Monthly lease payments of $1,099 per month for 39 months is based on an adjusted capitalized cost of $83,995 (MSRP of $98,650, including destination and handling fee of $1,550, less $6,725 capitalized cost reduction, $0 security deposit, suggested dealer contribution of $4,930 and Lease Credit of $3,000). Actual MSRP and dealer contribution may vary and could affect your monthly lease payment. Cash due at signing includes $6,725 capitalized cost reduction, $1,099 first month's payment, $925 acquisition fee and $0 security deposit. Lessee responsible for insurance during the lease term, excess wear and tear as defined in the lease contract, $0.30/mile over 32,500 miles, plus disposition fee of up to $495 (not to exceed an amount permissible by law) at lease end. Not all customers will qualify for security deposit waiver. Tax, title, license, registration and dealer fees are additional fees due at signing. Advertised monthly payment does not include applicable taxes. Purchase option price at lease end is $52,285, plus the purchase option fee disclosed in the lease contract. Additional tax, title, and government fees may also apply. Offer valid through June 01, 2026 and may be combined with other offers unless otherwise stated. Models pictured may be shown with metallic paint and/or additional accessories. Visit your authorized BMW Center for important details.
Additional Disclaimers:
* Prices shown include a destination & handling charge but do not include taxes or license. Actual vehicles/accessory costs, labor and installation vary. Please consult your selected dealer.
** Based on current year EPA mileage ratings. Use for comparison purposes only. Your actual mileage will vary, depending on how you drive and maintain your vehicle, driving conditions, battery pack age/condition (hybrid models only) and other factors.